Date on Master's Thesis/Doctoral Dissertation

5-2022

Document Type

Doctoral Dissertation

Degree Name

Ph. D.

Department

Counseling and Human Development

Degree Program

Counseling and Personnel Services, PhD

Committee Chair

McCubbin, Laurie

Committee Co-Chair (if applicable)

Immekus, Jason

Committee Member

Immekus, Jason

Committee Member

Mitchell, Amanda

Committee Member

Woo, Hongryun

Author's Keywords

Self-esteem; internalized racism; ethnic-racial socialization

Abstract

Research has indicated ethnic-racial socialization can influence one’s ethnic identity development including ethnic identity and internalized racism. However, there is limited empirical research directly examining the relation among ethnic-racial socialization, internalized racism, and psychological outcomes including self-esteem and psychological distress among Asian populations in the U.S. The current research explored the influences of the three dimensions of ethnic-racial socialization (cultural socialization-pluralism, promotion of mistrust, and preparation for bias) on two outcomes (i.e., self-esteem and psychological distress) through internalized racism as a mediator in a sample of 245 participants identified as Asian and Asian American adults currently residing in the U.S. Unexpectedly, results revealed that perceiving more cultural socialization/pluralism and preparation for bias combined messages lead to lower levels of self-esteem and higher levels of psychological distress through higher levels of internalized racism in the current sample. However, as expected, results revealed that perceiving more messages of promotion of mistrust from parents lead to lower levels of self-esteem and higher levels of psychological distress through higher levels of internalized racism. Study limitations and implications for parents and mental health providers are discussed.

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