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The Cardinal Edge

Abstract

Chronic stress can be characterized as a prolonged stressor that negatively impacts one’s life and has been associated with a variety of adverse health outcomes, including cardiovascular disease and immune system suppression. Given that chronic stress undeniably impacts health as a whole, it is reasonable to assume that it may also affect the aging process. The purpose of this literature review is to investigate the impact of chronic stress on the aging process with a specific focus on the 12 hallmarks of aging: genomic instability, telomere attrition, epigenetic alterations, loss of proteostasis, disabled macroautophagy, deregulated nutrient-sensing, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, stem cell exhaustion, altered intercellular communication, chronic inflammation, and dysbiosis. Chronic stress was found to affect all of the hallmarks of aging, and interventions for stress-induced advanced aging include physical activity, caloric restriction, mindfulness, and meditation.

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